Monday, February 27, 2012

The Processing of Weapons Grade Plutonium

Name of Element : Plutonium

Symbol: Pu
Atomic Number: 94
Atomic Mass: (244.0) amu
Melting Point: 639.5 °C - 912.65 °K
Boiling Point: 3235.0 °C - 3508.15 °K
Number of Protons/Electrons: 94
Number of Neutrons: 150
Crystal Structure: Monoclinic
Density @ 293 K: 19.84 g/cm3
Color: bright silvery



Plutonium exists in uranium ore in traces. But it can be synthesized. There are 20 radioactive isotopes have been analysed and catalgued by the boffins. The longest-lived are plutonium-244, with a half-life of 80.8 million years, plutonium-242, with a half-life of 373,300 years, and plutonium-239, with a half-life of 24,110 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 7,000 years. Aha we is getting to be boffins now onwards. So what we do is get some Pu 239 huh? Get a bit of uranium235 do a bit of fission to it to get a neutron out of it and add some U 238 we have a bit of U239 which will beta decay to turn the neutron to a proton to give you Np-239 (neptunium) and another short beta decay to produce Pu 239. Then to get Pu238 process is different. We get a bit of deutoron and hit U238 and 2 neutrons to get Np 238 which spontaneusly beta decay to give you a handful of PU238.

Well thats all I know



The efficiency and volatality of Uranium depends on the number of neutrones the nucleus carry, though it is the same element.











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Saturday, February 25, 2012

The processing of natural uranium for Nuclear Reactors:

My favourite subject and least favourite whilst I was in Uni.

Uranium comes in so many isotopes my mind is reeling after reading the wikipedia article. Anyway here is the summation. The most stable found in the ground are 234U which is only .0054% with half life of 245,500 years, 234U which is only .072% with a HL of 7x10 to 8 years, 235U in traces with 2 x 10 to 7 years, and 238U 99% with 4x 10 to 9 years. Only 235U  and bits of others are used in fission for nuclear stuff like making bombs and power plants.


kilogram of uranium-235 can theoretically produce about 80 terajoules of energy (8×1013 joules), assuming complete fission; as much energy as 3000 metric tons of coal.


From
First you have the stuff which comes out of the ground called Yellow Cake which is an oxide. then we have to make it more concentrated which happens in a two well cordinated processes.


First purifies the uranium ore concentrate to a very high level, and then converts the uranium ore concentrate into uranium tetrafluoride (UF4).




Second transforms the uranium tetrafluoride into uranium hexafluoride (UF6). This processing gives the uranium concentrate the required purity for the production of nuclear fuel.


The second process is a bit more convoluted than the first the steps taken to turn UF4 to UF6 is below. The reason for the change is due to the volatality of UF4 and the easier to use it as a fuel.


Purification: any impurities are removed from the uranyl nitrate solution in a purification column. On completion of this stage, the uranium satisfies the purity requirements for use in nuclear power plants.




Precipitation and calcination: the "purified" uranyl nitrate solution is then concentrated; Ammonium diuranate is obtained by the injection of gaseous ammonia. This is calcinated in ultra-high temperature furnaces. A solid matter is produced - uranium trioxide (UO3).


Reduction and fluorination: the uranium trioxide is then reduced to uranium dioxide (UO2) by passing through a furnace, and then transformed into uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) upon contact with hydrofluoric acid.
Transportation: the UF4 is packed in a special container and transported
This is used in molten salt reactor (MSR).

But other power plants use a combination of 235U and 238U and bits of others like plutonium. But UF4 has to be enriched to get this. Gosh I is tired like the Donkey in the winnie the pooh.


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Thursday, February 23, 2012

Credit Default Swaps (CDS)?

Another one to be understood properly in this sort of mindset in the world.

Credit Default Swaps


63 Trillion Dollars worth of insuarence contracts (CDS) were in existance in the world in 2003 but falling to $26.3 trillion by mid-year 2010. And at the end of 2011 the amount is $ 32,409 billion according to the Bank of International Settlements.

Some people have made fortunes out of CDS's. CDS originated from the idea of someone taking an insuarence policy with the bank, to make the money he lent, to someone, is safe. When the economy is boomimg the banks made a lot of money, but now lots of companies are going bust the banks are losing money in a rabid state.

Simplify further, if a company "C" wants to enlarge, "C" goes to an investor "I" and gives "I" corporate bonds or IOU's to get the money. Then "I" wants to be sure that his money is safe, "I" goes to a bank "B" and takes a CDS as insuarence. "B" promise "I" to pay the amount in IOU's if the company goes bust. Nice and easy way the financial markets to go on their jobs. Hang on there is a catch, as usual, and incomes the speculator who do not as "B"  involve in the "C"'s stock, but buys the CDS's waiting for the"C"to go bust. When "C" goes upsy downsy the bankcrupcy costs go through the roof. So lots of people can take the CDS's for the same event like in the bookies.

THe biggest players in UK for this cds's were RBS and Barclays to the tune of 2.4 trillion each. That is if all cds's are called at the same time, which is unlikely one might say but when the credit crunch hapened, is that exactly what happened. The media said at that time the UK gov is worried about people taking their money out en masse and there won't be any money. Hmmmmm.
 
 
 
 
 

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Derivatives?

Comments welcome even the briefest thank you.


I have been very annoyed when people in TV talk about Derivatives. They expect us to know this term. May be I am slow. I think now I understand it as a bet. Wikipedia defines it as:

A derivative instrument is a contract between two parties that specifies conditions (especially the dates, resulting values of the underlying variables, and notional amounts) under which payments, or payoffs, are to be made between the parties.[
Investopedia describes it as:


A security whose price is dependent upon or derived from one or more underlying assets. The derivative itself is merely a contract between two or more parties. Its value is determined by fluctuations in the underlying asset. The most common underlying assets include stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates and market indexes. Most derivatives are characterized by high leverage.


Now I am geting a wee bit of understanding about this very elusive subject ( as many people seems to lose and win).

Joshep B Dahl from World Group Mortgage, LLC says


Derivates involve the trading of rights or obligations based on an underlying product, without necessarily directly transfering that underlying product

Still confusing or what may I ask?

OK now imagine a horse race I who takes a bet on the race is the buyer and the Race Tract is the seller. . After the transaction the seller is obliged to pay the buyer a certain amount according to the odds specified. These odds are called the underlying variables depending on the amount of money the Tract gets from the amount of money paid as bets.

Similarly a farmer can sell next years crop at a cetain amount of money to a bank, hedgefund etc. If the per unit price agreed drops bank loses that amount. If the price goes up the bank wins. Farmer vice a versa.

Further more, If I know someone is going to burn down his house, by using cadles only, I can take an insuarence policy to say that the house will be burnt down in a specific time. But I cannot take insuarence policies on another person or someone else's property. Then again a derivative can be arranged onsome elese company, a bank, a deal or another derivative. but this system is not regulated anywhere in the world, though it is legal in almost all top dog world.

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More and more I dive into this more it gets confusing. Gosh.

Tuesday, February 14, 2012

Who Was Present At the UN Meeting About Syria?

The people who spoke, about Human Rights Abuses in Syria, in the UN security council meeting:
according to the article. In the same article the authour mentions about the Mr. Muhammad Ahmad Mustafa Al-Dabi, the Head of the League of Arab States Observer Mission to Syria. Why was he absent from the meeting. I really do not understand how this establishment runs. Any child can see their bullying way of totally disregarding protocol. If you are too lazy like me to read the article here is some points to make you read it ha ha hee. Mrs. Navi Pillay, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rightshas never been to Syria, and she is making herself as the bloody authority in the subject. Niether has any of the other big guns present and the very man who spent a month in Syria was avoided. Now if we see Mr. Al-Dabi’s report states that:


26. In Homs and Dera’a the Mission observed armed groups committing acts of violence against Government forces, resulting in death and injury among their ranks. In certain situations, Government forces responded to attacks against their personnel with force. The observers noted that some of the armed groups were using flares and armour-piercing projectiles. In Homs , Idlib and Hama , the Observer Mission witnessed acts of violence being committed against Government forces and civilians that resulted in several deaths and injuries. Examples of those acts include the bombing of a civilian bus carrying eight persons and injuring others, including women and children, and the bombing of a train carrying diesel oil. In another incident in Homs , a police bus was blown up, killing two police officers. A fuel pipeline and some small bridges were also bombed.



44. In Homs , a French journalist who worked for France 2 channel was killed and a Belgian journalist injured...It should be noted that Mission reports from Homs indicate that the French journalist was killed by opposition mortar shells.


73. The Mission noted that the Government strived to help it succeed in its task and remove any barriers that might stand in its way. No restrictions were placed on the movement of the Mission and its ability to interview Syrian citizens, both those who opposed the Government and those loyal to it.


75. Recently there have been incidents that could widen the gap and increase bitterness between the parties. These incidents can have grave consequences and lead to the loss of life and property. Such incidents include the bombing of buildings, trains carrying fuel, vehicles carrying diesel oil and explosions targeting the police, members of the media and fuel pipelines. Some of those attacks have been carried out by the Free Syrian Army and some by other armed opposition groups.


68. Since it began its work, the Mission has been the target of vicious media campaigns. Some media outlets have published unfounded statements which they attributed to the Head of Mission. They have also grossly exaggerated events, thereby distorting the truth. Such contrived reports have helped to increase tension among the Syrian people and undermined the observers’ work. Some media organizations were exploited in order to defame the mission and its Head and cause the Mission to fail.”


Rarely mentioned is a report that a Saudi TV station recently broadcast a Salafist religious leader giving his blessing for spilling the blood of observers. This was stated by the Russian Ambassador at the Security Council meeting on January 31.







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Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, UK Foreign Secretary William Hague (the little Hitler), the French Foreign Minister, the Qatar Prime Minister

Is IMF And WB Make Countries Poor

I have been reading about Syrian uprising and found that, from:

There is certainly cause for social unrest and mass protest in Syria: unemployment has increased in recent years, social conditions have deteriorated, particularly since the adoption in 2006 of sweeping economic reforms under IMF guidance. The later include austerity measures, a freeze on wages, the deregulation of the financial system, trade reform and privatization. (See IMF Syrian Arab Republic — IMF Article IV Consultation Mission's Concluding Statement, 2006).

Further on I found that the IMF has been in Egypt and Tunisia before those countries had the uprising. Thia is from




 
In Egypt, a devastating IMF program was imposed in 1991 at the height of the Gulf War. It was negotiated in exchange for the annulment of Egypt's multibillion dollar military debt to the US as well as its participation in the war. The resulting deregulation of food prices, sweeping privatisation and massive austerity measures led to the impoverishment of the Egyptian population and the destabilization of its economy. The Mubarak government was praised as a model "IMF pupil".

The role of Ben Ali's government in Tunisia was to enforce the IMF's deadly economic medicine, which over a period of more than twenty years served to destabilize the national economy and impoverish the Tunisian population. Over the last 23 years, economic and social policy in Tunisia has been dictated by the Washington Consensus.
I can only read these articles and put in my blog, for anyone in the world who has not seen these articles can find them.










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Sunday, February 12, 2012

Does God have problems

Yes I been turning this problem since I heard someone called Byron say that, "I do not know what to ask when I finish this trial, when I see God?". So I started thinking about God. How can he/she decide, if that person has not gone through the similar sxxxx I went through?

Right,  God knows, as he.she is almighty and knows everything, and that Devil exists. So God has a problem, how to fight the Devil,...huh? Or live with fxxxxx huh? Yes be the Devils advocate I hear you say.

Now I have another problem with God. Is it possible that the God was created by various industrious, and successful people, to get rich. In every nook and corner in the word, we see that happening even today. You cannot ignore the fact that the God can take different states eg. alcohol, heroine or any other stuff you get addicted to, and will do anything to get some more. They be Gods to some people.








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Thursday, February 09, 2012

Dirty Side Of War

“We gather tonight knowing that this generation of heroes has made the United States safer and more respected round the world.” (President Barack Obama, State of the Union address, 24th January 2012.)

Yeah right Mr Black President. There are lots of your soldiers are murderers and rapists etc etc.

Staff Sgt., Frank Wuterich:
Frank Wuterich (born 1980) is a private in the United States Marine Corps. On November 19, 2005, he led his men in the Haditha killings, where he and fellow Marines opened up fire resulting in the death of 24 civilians after a Marine had died in an insurgent attack.


Originally charged with murder, the charges were later reduced to involuntary manslaughter and aggravated assault, and on January 23, 2012 Wuterich pled guilty to a single count of negligent dereliction of duty as part of an agreement with military prosecutors. In exchange, all other charges were dropped.[1][2] Wuterich was sentenced on January 24 and convicted to forfeiture of two-thirds of pay for three months and reduction in rank to private.[3]

From Wikipedia

Pfc. Steven D. Green:
Green grew up in Seabrook, Texas, and moved to Midland, Texas, when he was 14. According to school officials, he dropped out of high school in 2002 after completing the 10th grade and moved to Denver City, Texas, where he earned his high school equivalency in 2003. Days after a January 2005 arrest for alcohol possession, Green enlisted in the U.S. Army. In doing so, he was granted a moral character waiver for prior alcohol and other drug related offenses that might have otherwise disqualified him. Green graduated from infantry training and was assigned to the 1st Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell, Kentucky. According to a military spokesperson and a criminal complaint filed in connection with the charges, Green was honorably discharged from the military "due to antisocial personality disorder but before the military was aware of the incident."[45] Green was stationed in Iraq from September 2005 to April 2006 and discharged in May 2006.

James P. Barker
On November 15, 2006, Specialist Barker pleaded guilty to rape and murder as part of a plea agreement requiring him to give evidence against the other soldiers to avoid the death penalty. He was sentenced to 90 years in prison, and must serve 20 years before being considered for parole. He wept during closing statements, and accepted responsibility for the rape and killings, saying the violence he had encountered in Iraq left him "angry and mean" toward Iraqis.[47] Despite this show of emotion during closing arguments, Barker showed no such emotion afterward. Journalists reported "he smoked a cigarette outside as a bailiff watched over him. He grinned but said nothing as reporters passed by."[48]


He is currently held in the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.[49]




Paul E. Cortez
On January 22, 2007, Sergeant Cortez pleaded guilty in a court martial to rape, conspiracy to rape, and four counts of murder as part of a plea deal to avoid the death penalty, and was sentenced to 100 years in prison.[50] He will be eligible for parole in 10 years. Cortez, 24, also was given a dishonorable discharge. He wept as he apologized for the crimes, saying he could not explain why he took part.[51]


He is currently held in the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.[49]




Jesse V. Spielman



Pfc. Jesse V. Spielman On August 3, 2007, Private first class Spielman, 23, was sentenced by a court martial to 110 years in prison, with the possibility of parole after 10 years. He was convicted of rape, conspiracy to commit rape, housebreaking with intent to rape and four counts of felony murder. He had earlier pleaded guilty to lesser charges of conspiracy to obstructing justice, arson, wrongfully touching a corpse and drinking.[52]

Spielman is currently held in the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.[49


Bryan L. Howard
Private first class Howard was sentenced by a court martial under a plea agreement to dishonorable discharge and 27 months' imprisonment for obstruction of justice and being an accessory after the fact. The court found that his involvement included hearing the others discussing the crime and lying to protect them, but not commission of the actual rape or murders.[53][54]


Howard was given a dishonorable discharge, received a 27-month sentence, and is currently on parole.[49]

From Wikipedia
Very good behavior and honourable I would not say.


























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Friday, February 03, 2012

Why?

Living in the war zone, in St Agnes

Few days ago I had a very troublesome night. the police attacked a legal squat without any reason. police say that they found petrol bombs. But none of the interested journalists have not seen the evidence. we need a public inquiry. I could not sleep or watch TV because of the Police helicoptor making the terrible noise. I thought I was in the warzone. It was relentless. I think they had two helicoptors because the sound never stopped. If there was only one the bugger will need refuelling, and give me a bit of quiet to sleep.

Then the next one was the day of the frigging wedding. In the morning and early afternoon the helicoptor stayed right on top of us. Stationed for at least 45 minutes. I think it went for refuelling and was back at the same position. I even phoned the local police station, one on New Foundland Road. Huh? what is the problem sir, I was asked. I said for the last half hour or so there is a helicopter stationary on top of my house. It is driving me crazy. I cannot watch TV without the Sub-titles. The bored PC advised me the helicoptor is catching a thief or saving someone's life. I felt that I was been a nuisance. Do we really have rights? I wonder where I stand in this society. A high n mighty PC can tell me where.


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The Wall and The Wet

When I moved in 2007.I a disabled person was given vouchers to buy paint and decorating paraphenalia and do the painting and decorating. Before the decorator painted the kitchen wall, I reported that the walls in my kitchen and the bedroom were wet. The surveyor that time told me, with a giggle, that it is because of ventilation and need a fan. They installed the fan and it did not stop the wet patch. We had to do three coats on them and still the paint bubbled off.

When the kitchen cupboards etc was replaced in 2010 I reported the matter to the surveyor. Doh! It is the cooking he said. I said I don't cook. Take-outs and microwave oven. But he said no there seems to be no problem, though he never checked it with an instrument. I asked him to check the upstairs flat's walls on the same side. I really dont know whether he did it or not. I got my friends to paint. Still bubbling out, I mean the paint not the bloody surveyor.

On the 5th July 2011 I had a visit from the surveyor Rachael after I called the office about the dampness. She came in checked the walls with an instrument and agreed that there seems to be a problem of water seeping through from the outside. I asked her again to check the upstaires flats. After a month or so I phoned her again and asked her whether it is better to put some sealant on the wall. She said NO. Reason? We have to get to the bottom of this problem. I said even after getting to the bottom, still we will have to get the plaster off the walls. NO No she said. Then I asked her whether she checked the upstairs flats? She went oops! What are the numbers of the flats above. Now remember this is the Surveyor asking me the numbers of the flats after 6 weeks. In the mean time I take 2 litres of water everyday from my bedroom dehumudifier.

5th of sept; i just learned from the upstairs tenant that she is coming for a visit tommorrow.

One thing I noted though; she did not take any notes down. I remember in one of the meetings we discussed about surveyors or any visits to be covered by notes. Because we had a lot of turn over in the staff. And there is no way for the next person who takes over to find out what is happening in various flats. It is not complicated at all.

I watched the program whilst writing this, about our real past M Brag. I saw how dreadful the houses were in the 1930's. Yeah Mellwyn Brag makes do with a saying, "Decent housing is a basic human need, and that is progress." I love to see this Housing Association do the same, instead of saying "No SIR we don't do that." Yep we still do the old fashioned way.

Got the housing association to work on my flat at last. They decamped (move a person temporarily....new word for me) me to Weston Hotel and packed everything in my flat and moved the lot for starage. Time given 4 weeks.

Came back from my nice holiday in the sea side. By the way Weston is a for one's failing sex life. Don't want to write about it, but it will be mentioned in my own private musings. The walls were still wet from the painting and some paint already peeling off. But overall it is not a bad job. The builders used the floor as a cement mixing area and the whole place is dusty. I wake up in the morning with noseful of dust. Very healthy. They needed more time. There will be more work done on parts of the chimney breast later....Doh!.

After two months I am struggling with unpacking. Boxes which should have gone to bedroom is in the living room, and I have no idea what is in most of the boxes, except the those I packed myself. Most of the stuff will have to go in the attc sapce, but with my disability it is impossible. I cannot get someone to help me in one go as I do not know which  goes in the attc until I open and peruse. Da Da Da dee dee.






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Democracy In Us Made Simple

The so called democracy in any government is controlled by the rich and elite. There is no escape? “Obama also found out that he cannot change anything else either, if he ever intended to do so. The military/security lobby has war and a domestic police state on its agenda, and a mere American president can’t do anything about it. President Obama can order the Guantanamo torture chamber closed and kidnapping and rendition and torture to be halted, but no one carries out the order. Essentially, Obama is irrelevant. President Obama can promise that he is going to bring the troops home, and the military lobby says, “No, you are going to send them to Afghanistan, and in the meantime start a war in Pakistan and maneuver Iran into a position that will provide an excuse for a war there, too. Wars are too profitable for us to let you stop them.” And the mere president has to say, “Yes, Sir!”

Taken from


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